Artificial Respiration in Birds by Unidirectional Air Flow

The cost of ventilation in birds measured via unidirectional artificial ventilation.

The highly derived mechanism birds use to ventilate their lungs relies on dorsoventral excursions of their heavily muscled sternum and abdominal viscera. Our expectation of the level of mechanical work involved in this mechanism led us to hypothesize that the metabolic cost of breathing is higher in birds than in other tetrapods. To test this theory, we used unidirectional artificial ventilatio...

Artificial Respiration

lowering the arms gave still less favourable results. Howard's direct method of alternately compressing the lower chest wall by the spread hands and letting go sharply was found to cause a much larger air entry, but still below the normal; but it is conducted in the supine attitude which, in many cases, as in drowning, prevent other useful indications from being fulfilled and is sometimes subje...

Experimental Researches in Artificial Respiration

Artificial Respiration Explained

Turbulence of a Unidirectional Flow

Recent advances in the theory of turbulent solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations are discussed and the existence of their associated invariant measures. The statistical theory given by the invariant measures is described and associated with historically-known scaling laws. These are Hack’s law in one dimension, the Bachelor-Kraichnan law in two dimensions and the Kolmogorov’s scaling law in ...